Quick measurement of CH<Subscript>4</Subscript>, CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> and N<Subscript>2</Subscript>O emissions from a short-plant ecosystem   总被引：43，自引：0，他引：43  

WANG Yuesi  WANG Yinghong 《大气科学进展》2003,20(5):842-844

Combining improved injector, gas line and valve-driving models, a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with Hydrogen Flame Ionization Detector (FID) and Electron Capture Detector (ECD), can measure CH4, CO2, and N2O simultaneously in an air sample in four minutes. Test results show that the system has high sensitivity, resolution, and precision; the linear response range of the system meets the requirement of flux measurements in situ. The system is suitable for monitoring fluxes of the main greenhouse gases in a short-plant field since it is easy to use, efficacious, and constant and reliable in collecting data.  相似文献   

核2级调节阀的抗震分析及试验研究     

周文霞  张继革  宋志平  张洁  王德忠 《世界地震工程》2011,27(1)

基于ANSYS有限元分析软件,在模态分析基础上,采用等效静力法对调节阀的抗震性能进行分析,分析了调节阀在开启和关闭状态下对SL1(运行安全地震动)的应力响应,并分析了调节阀在开启状态下对SL2(安全停堆地震动)的应力响应,分析得知支架拐角、阀盖-中法兰连接的弯角处和阀体中腔为薄弱部位,其最大应力值均小于许用应力。对调节阀分别进行两次SL1地震和一次SL2地震试验,测定调节阀的自振频率、阻尼等振动参数和加速度、应力等地震响应参数,试验结果表明调节阀具有足够的刚度和强度,满足抗震设计强度要求。试验结果与有限元分析结果对比,误差小于10%。  相似文献   

Back analysis of an operating subsea tunnel considering the degradation of ground and concrete lining     

Joon-Sang An 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(4):517-523

ABSTRACT

An evaluation of the stability of subsea tunnels during operation is very important considering the risks involved with subsea tunnels. Although a large volume of monitoring information can be obtained, back analysis has been performed based on the internal displacement. In this study, the efficiency of an estimation of the safety of an operating subsea tunnel has been improved by implementing the back analysis algorithm based on various monitoring information. The differential evolution algorithm was adopted for back analysis of an operating subsea tunnel. The differential evolution algorithm was improved to accommodate the multiple target variables for back analysis, such as the elastic modulus, cohesion, friction angle of the ground, and the time-dependent elastic modulus of concrete lining. In addition, the elastic modulus of the concrete lining and the properties of reinforced ground can be evaluated with the proposed algorithm using a range of monitoring data, such as the internal displacement and stress acting on the lining. In summary, back analysis with a differential evolution algorithm can be used to evaluate the stability of an operating subsea tunnel.  相似文献   

考虑渗流及软化的海底隧道围岩弹塑性分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王星华  章敏  王随新 《岩土力学》2009,30(11):3267-3272

在海水渗流的情况下,考虑隧道围岩屈服后强度衰减（塑性软化）的特点,用弹性-塑性软化-塑性残余三线性应力-应变模型推导出了海底隧道围岩塑性软化区半径、塑性残余区半径、洞周边位移、围岩内任一点应力及围岩压力的解析表达式,并与仅考虑渗流及渗流和软化皆不考虑的其他两种情况进行了对比,研究表明：在渗流和材料软化中,后者对隧道围岩稳定最为不利。分析了不同软化程度对结果的影响,该结果为海底隧道围岩稳定性分析等方面提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

海底隧道涌水量数值计算的渗透系数确定方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李术才  赵岩  徐帮树  李利平  刘钦  王育奎 《岩土力学》2012,33(5):1497-1504

海底隧道的建设往往伴随着高风险,而水害则是海底隧道建设期间风险最主要的来源之一,隧道涌水对施工安全与建成后的运营成本控制有着重要影响,因此,对海底隧道进行涌水量预测便显得尤为重要。数值计算方法是当前涌水量预测中应用最广的方法之一,而计算涌水量过程中最关键的问题之一是渗透系数的确定。以青岛胶州湾海底隧道工程为背景,通过数值计算、模型试验与现场监测数据分析等手段相结合的方法,对海底隧道建设期涌水量的预测进行了研究。首先进行海底隧道开挖后涌水量现场监测,得到开挖后涌水量变化曲线;再采用数值计算方法对围岩渗透系数的取值进行反分析,对渗透系数进行不断修正,并在数值计算中成功拟合实测涌水量曲线,所得到的渗透系数即为数值计算中应采用的合理渗透系数。在结合试验段地质情况的基础上将合理渗透系数与前期地勘压水试验得到的渗透系数进行比对,得到两者之间的关系。并通过模型试验的手段对以上结论进行验证。将其应用到海底隧道的涌水量预测中,通过正演数值计算预测围岩相似洞段的涌水量,其结果对海底隧道涌水量预测有一定的参考意义。  相似文献   

燃气管道地震紧急处置装置设计和示范应用     

崔建文  王暾  樊荣  高东  徐硕  张潜  段建新 《中国地震》2012,28(4):425-433

震后火灾是破坏性地震发生后城市面对的主要危害之一。对于城市中燃气管网,建立地震紧急处置系统尤为重要。在日本、美国和我国的台湾地区,均因城市天然气管网建立了紧急处置系统而取得了减轻地震次生火灾的实效。我国是多地震的国家,随着管道燃气的日益普及,地震紧急处置设施非常重要。本文采用美国Northridge2000小型地震燃气阀,结合所设计的一种燃气管道地震紧急处置装置,在昆明市区,分别用于4户民居小管径燃气管道和一个大管径燃气管道,开展燃气管道的地震紧急处置示范应用。进行的人工触发试验显示,紧急处置装置响应与预期的一致,但还需实际地震的检验。本文介绍了燃气管道地震紧急处置的设计和示范应用情况,并对我国开展相关工作需要解决的问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

A Finite Element Based Study on Lowering Operation of Subsea Massive Structure     

WANG Fa-cheng  WANG Jun  TANG Ke 《海洋工程》2017,31(5):646-652

Subsea production system has been increasingly used in recent South China Sea offshore developments. With deepwater applications, constituent parts of subsea systems become more complicated and enlarged. Increases on the weight and geometry of each component bring challenges to installations. A recent accomplished deployment on a subsea massive jumper shows the weight and length have been up to 120 tons and 90 m, respectively with sophisticated geometry. It is considerably difficult to install heavy and large subsea structures, especially in South China Sea where severe environmental conditions are common. In addition, deepwater deployment may alter natural frequency of the hoisting system and the altered frequency may be close to possible environmental conditions. To deal with the above two issues, traditionally, engineers need to carry out series of complicated numerical analyses which are on case basis and significantly time-consuming. Existing studies focus on the optimization on analysis techniques by conducting laboratory testing and numerical simulations. However, easy-to-use guidance on massive subsea structure installation are somewhat limited. The studies presented in this paper aim to achieve a simplified guidance which can briefly screen the cases subject to axial resonance and provide visible correlations between hoisting system integrity and key installation parameters.  相似文献   

袖阀管注浆工艺在柔性接头地下连续墙施工中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

李玉龙 《探矿工程》2020,47(5):89-92

北京朝阳区一管廊地下连续墙施工项目，因场区内工程、水文地质条件和施工场地局限性等因素，为节约经济成本和减少地连墙接头处渗水对后续结构防水施工的影响，采用了袖阀管注浆的防渗处理措施。介绍了袖阀管注浆工艺的施工方法，验证了该工艺处理地连墙柔性接头的防渗措施完全可行。  相似文献   

Optimization design on the riser system of next generation subsea production system with the assistance of DOE and surrogate model techniques     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

The Next Generation Subsea Production System (NextGen SPS) is a new concept for petroleum development in ultra-deep water (UDW) areas. It can improve the structural performance of riser as well as provide several operational benefits to subsurface well completion (SWC) equipment. The design of NextGen SPS’s riser system which includes rigid riser and flexible jumper—like the free standing hybrid riser (FSHR), is a very important issue for the definition of NextGen SPS. This paper details an optimization design on the NextGen SPS’s riser system, with the assistance of the design of experiments (DOE) and surrogate model techniques. The optimization model pertaining to riser system is formulated firstly. The DOE is a statistical technique that guides a sensitive study on the behavior of the riser system before the optimization analysis. Structural responses are obtained by the fully coupled methodology. Through such a preliminary study, the effective contribution of each design variable at the riser performance will be known and some general conclusive remarks will be obtained. Based on the DOE results, design variables are screened to improve the efficiency of optimization process. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is employed to conduct the optimization analysis. In this analysis, surrogate models, which are developed by back propagation neural network (BPNN), replace the time consuming dynamic analysis to predict structural responses. Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method is adopted to generate training sample and testing sample for the BPNN. NextGen SPS that operates at a depth of 3000 m is used as the case for this investigation. The efficiency of optimization design is improved by DOE and surrogate techniques, and a reduction of approximately 46% for the riser system cost is achieved. The obtained conclusions have applicability in reference to the engineering design of FSHR and the study procedure will provide reference for study on other new structure concept.  相似文献   

南海水下生产系统防沉板基础裙板贯入模拟试验与入泥阻力计算     

谭红莹 《海洋工程》2019,37(6):140-145

防沉板基础裙板入泥阻力计算和长度设计是海洋工程水下生产系统基础设计的关键,基于南海番禺和荔湾地区水下防沉板基础裙板贯入模拟试验,验证了Lunne和Eide等建立的裙板入泥阻力经验计算方法对南海水下生产系统防沉板裙板设计的可靠性,确定了南海地区裙板入泥的端部阻力系数(0.320～0.360)和侧摩阻力系数(0.008～0.014 5),为南海水下生产系统防沉板基础裙板入泥阻力计算和裙板长度设计提供了依据,确保了南海地区水下生产系统的顺利安装。在工程地质调查时,既可以进行土壤钻孔取样并与已开展裙板贯入模拟试验的番禺和荔湾地区土壤组成和粒度对比,也可开展静力触探试验或裙板贯入模拟试验,得到裙板入泥的端部阻力系数和侧摩阻力系数。  相似文献